Jeff — following our work on the initial formation documents, the organizers undertook a careful review of the Bylaws and Membership Agreement drafts against the Colorado Uniform Limited Cooperative Association Act (ULCAA), C.R.S. §§ 7-58-101 et seq., standard cooperative practice, and the Cooperative's specific operational context. Both documents received verbal ratification at the June board meeting, pending your final feedback before execution.
This memo covers the full change set — the organizers' review produced two rounds of revisions, the first indexed as BL-01 through BL-08 and MA-01 through MA-07, and an addendum set (BL-A01 through BL-A07, MA-A01 through MA-A04) generated by deeper legal research. Every item is tagged by materiality: Blocking must be resolved before execution; Advisable should be addressed before launch; is editorial and low-risk; Resolved is incorporated in v.2 and requires only your confirmation.
Several items involve partnership tax analysis under Subchapter K and the Treasury Regulations — territory that falls outside co-op formation counsel and will require a separate tax counsel engagement. Those items are marked Tax Counsel and are grouped separately in the summary. We flag them here so you have the full picture; we are not asking you to opine on the tax questions.
The v.2 documents are published as annotated drafts at techne.institute/legal/bylaws-v2/ and techne.institute/legal/membership-agreement-v2/, with each change highlighted and the rationale surfaced inline. The serialized change index for each document is at the Bylaws changes page and the Membership Agreement changes page.
The first WHEREAS clause cited the Public Benefit Corporation Act of Colorado (PBCA), C.R.S. Title 7, Article 101, Part 5, as governing authority for RegenHub's public benefit purpose. The Articles of Organization cite both the ULCAA and PBCA but establish ULCAA as the governing statute. The PBCA is designed for benefit corporations organized under Title 7, Article 101; RegenHub is organized under Title 7, Article 58 (ULCAA).
We have replaced the PBCA citation with ULCAA § 7-58-104 — the LCA-specific public benefit provision — to align the Bylaws' preamble with the hierarchy the Articles themselves establish. This is not a change in the Cooperative's public benefit commitment.
The v.1 conflict resolution hierarchy placed the Articles of Organization above the ULCAA and retained PBCA as a final fallback. The Articles themselves establish the opposite ordering. Under C.R.S. § 7-58-111, certain ULCAA requirements appear non-waivable and may not be overridden by any organizational document.
We have revised the hierarchy to: mandatory ULCAA provisions → Articles of Organization → Bylaws → remaining ULCAA provisions. The PBCA reference has been removed from the hierarchy clause.
IRC § 704(b) requires deterministic allocation methods. The equal-allocation fallback (used before the Patronage Plan is adopted) uses "may" rather than "shall," failing the substantial economic effect safe harbor. A permissive fallback cannot satisfy § 704(b)'s determinism requirement.
The v.1 suspension provision permitted the Board to suspend a member immediately upon a majority vote, without prior notice or opportunity to respond (except criminal conduct). Immediate-effect suspension of this type may be vulnerable to challenge under the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.
We have added: (1) written notice before suspension (except criminal conduct); (2) a five-business-day response window; (3) a mandatory board hearing within thirty days; (4) a written determination within ten business days of the hearing.
Both the voluntary withdrawal and involuntary termination provisions permitted the Board to delay redemption of a departing member's equity for up to five years. A five-year window may constitute an impermissible restraint on the statutory dissociation right under C.R.S. § 7-58-1101 for $100 shares.
We have shortened the maximum to three years. The Board retains method discretion (cash, promissory note, or combination).
Section 4.8's first paragraph prohibits member compensation while taxed as a partnership. The second paragraph introduces a carveout that contradicts the first. These should be reconciled into a single, clear statement. The intended rule — IRC § 707(c) guaranteed payments are permitted, other compensation is not — should be expressed once.
The v.1 quorum provision required physical presence, while § 2.1 authorized electronic meetings — making valid virtual meetings structurally impossible for a partly distributed membership. We have aligned the quorum standard with the electronic meeting authorization.
The Article XIV waterfall provides equal distribution to current and recently-departed members after capital accounts are exhausted. This equal-distribution tier breaks the IRC § 704(b) allocation chain, which requires that residual assets follow capital account proportions.
Two paths: (1) eliminate the equal-distribution tier; (2) recharacterize residual assets as charitable or cooperative purposes under C.R.S. § 7-58-104. The organizers favor option 2 as more consistent with the Cooperative's public benefit intent.
The v.1 compensation prohibition inadvertently barred IRC § 707(c) guaranteed payments — the standard mechanism for compensating member-directors in a Subchapter K entity. Without this carveout, the Cooperative has no clear path to compensate working organizers for their labor through the cooperative structure.
We have added an express carveout consistent with §§ 707(a) and 707(c) of the Internal Revenue Code.
Class Three Community Participants fit neither the patron member nor investor member categories cleanly under the ULCAA. This requires deliberate recategorization before the bylaws are executed. The Hub Membership Agreement for this class has not yet been drafted.
The v.1 profit allocation provision gave the Board unconstrained authority to change the allocation methodology at any time, without member approval — allowing silent changes to the core economic bargain of membership. We have routed methodology changes through the Patronage Plan amendment process, which requires majority patron member approval.
Section 11.5 waives all court access — not merely jury trial — and routes all disputes to Board-administered resolution. This creates a structural conflict of interest when the Board is adverse to a member. The proposed revision limits the waiver to jury trial only, with mandatory neutral JAMS arbitration (Denver) for unresolved disputes.
Treasury Regulation § 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) requires a qualified income offset (QIO) provision for capital accounts to have substantial economic effect. Without the QIO, the IRS may reallocate items of income and loss inconsistently with the Cooperative's patronage accounting structure. We have added the QIO provision and a corresponding member acknowledgment of capital account maintenance standards.
Article XII's voting thresholds create ambiguity about whether they apply to Articles of Organization amendments (which follow separate ULCAA procedures under C.R.S. § 7-58-205). The revision limits Article XII to bylaw amendments only, avoiding a procedural conflict with the ULCAA Articles amendment process.
The addendum research reviewed and affirmed the following provisions as sound: capital account rules, qualified income offset, deficit restoration waiver, guaranteed payment structure, and partnership tax-consent provisions. No substantive revision required. Incorporated in v.2. Confirmation that our reading is correct will come from tax counsel, not co-op formation counsel — flagged here for completeness only.
The v.1 confidentiality clause covered "any and all information received by or through the Cooperative" — potentially capturing publicly available information and members' own professional activities. We have narrowed the obligation to genuinely non-public information designated as confidential or that a reasonable person would understand to be confidential. Standard carveouts have been added: public domain, prior knowledge, independent development, legally required disclosure. Members may describe their membership and the general nature of the Cooperative's activities in professional contexts.
Schedule A contains financial placeholders that must be completed before the Bylaws are effective. Status as of July 1, 2026: Share price ($100) and annual dues ($100/year) are confirmed. Effective date is pending your feedback. Initial board composition is confirmed: Kevin Owocki, Todd Youngblood, Benjamin Ross, Lucian Hymer, Aaron G Neyer, Jonathan Borichevskiy. Officer assignments (President, Secretary, Treasurer) are pending a board decision — the Secretary must sign Schedule A.
Added definitions for "Cooperative-Commissioned Work" (the category subject to assignment: authorized in writing by an officer, expressly designated as work-for-hire, compensated beyond standard membership) and "Applicant IP" (protected: prior work, independent practice, work outside cooperative scope without cooperative resources). Assignment narrowed to Cooperative-Commissioned Work only. Portfolio display revised to notice-and-silence-as-consent model. Two residuals remain — see MA-A04 below.
MA § 1.4 hard-codes the share price at $100.00. Bylaws Schedule A is a placeholder. If Schedule A is ever populated with a different figure, both documents require parallel amendment — a coordination burden and a drift risk. We recommend: (1) populate Bylaws Schedule A as the authoritative source; (2) revise MA § 1.4 to reference Schedule A rather than hard-code the amount.
The Agreement uses Subchapter T vocabulary throughout: "net margins," "patronage dividends," "written notices of allocation," "in year received." The Cooperative is taxed as a partnership under Subchapter K. Under Subchapter K, members include their distributive share in taxable income for the year the Cooperative's taxable year ends — not the year they receive a distribution. The vocabulary mismatch will mislead members about when their tax obligation arises.
Recommended conformance: "net margins" → "net income"; "patronage dividends" → "distributive share"; "written notices of allocation" → "Schedule K-1"; "in year received" → "in the taxable year of the Cooperative in which allocated, as reported on Schedule K-1." The state-law proportional distribution hook (C.R.S. § 7-58-1004) may remain as a cooperative-purpose provision governing the calculation basis.
v.1 had no voluntary withdrawal provision despite C.R.S. § 7-58-1101 guaranteeing the right. We have added § 5.6 with explicit withdrawal mechanics. The underlying amount conflict also requires resolution: three provisions give three different answers to what a withdrawing member receives:
Bylaws § 1.7.4 settles the capital account at book value. MA § 5.4 redeems the share at $100 par plus separate patronage credits under a schedule that does not exist. Bylaws §§ 1.7.3 and 1.9 give the Board up to twelve months to process redemption.
The deeper issue under Subchapter K: a member pays income tax each year on their allocated share of Cooperative income, whether or not distributed. Returning only $100 par creates a tax phantom. We recommend a single rule across both documents: a withdrawing member receives their positive capital-account balance on a single stated timeline, subject to C.R.S. § 7-58-1007 distribution limits. The Bylaws should control on timing; the MA should cross-reference.
The Board's unconstrained discretion to set and change the profit-share formula undermines IRC § 704(b)'s substantial economic effect safe harbor. We have added § 2.4 requiring the Board to adopt a written Patronage Plan within 90 days of admitting the first patron member. The plan must specify: patronage calculation method, allocation basis, distribution form and timing, Schedule K-1 procedures, and capital account maintenance procedures. The 90-day deadline and plan requirements are your co-op counsel question; whether the plan's required contents satisfy § 704(b) will be a question for tax counsel at the time of adoption.
Status as of July 1, 2026: The Patronage Plan has not been discussed or adopted. The 90-day clock starts at first Membership Agreement execution. This is time-sensitive once signing begins.
The v.1 recital described RegenHub as "a coworking space and community venue in Boulder, Colorado." We have replaced it with language reflecting the Cooperative's Public Benefit LCA status, scenius purpose, and hybrid (physical + distributed) membership. We drew on Article V § 5.2 of the Articles of Organization.
The "detrimental conduct" and "misrepresentation" termination grounds in v.1 were broad enough to be applied pretextually. We have added: (1) the Board's judgment must be based on specific, articulable facts; (2) the detriment or inaccuracy must be material to membership or patronage; (3) a 30-day cure period for breaches capable of cure. Non-payment and false-statement grounds are not subject to the cure requirement.
Added a scope statement limiting this Agreement to Class One Cooperative Member patron membership. Added a 30-day advance notice requirement for dues increases. Additional classes require separate agreements.
Added a positive opening to § 9.4: "Applicant is an owner-member of the Cooperative with the rights and obligations set forth in this Agreement and the Governing Documents." This provides an interpretive anchor — equity ownership and democratic participation under the ULCAA — before the list of negative disclaimers.
The v.2 IP section materially improves on v.1. Two items remain for confirmation:
Residual 1 — Assignment mechanism: Confirm that assignment (not the work-made-for-hire label) is the operative IP transfer mechanism for deliverables that do not meet the statutory definition under 17 U.S.C. § 101. Both mechanisms should be expressed so the assignment serves as the fallback if the work-for-hire label fails.
Residual 2 — Venture IP: Confirm that IP developed through the Cooperative's commercial or investment activities is explicitly excluded from § 3.4's member assignment unless subject to a separate written agreement. As drafted, § 3.4 is ambiguous about whether venture IP developed by a member who is also an advisor or director of a portfolio company is captured.
The v.2 documents are published with inline annotations on every changed passage, showing the v.1 original text and the reasoning for each revision. These are accessible at the links above and are intended to make your review as efficient as possible.
We are targeting final governing documents and Schedule A execution ahead of our August 14 launch. We would like to have your feedback on all blocking items before then, and would appreciate your view on the advisable items and structural gaps at your earliest convenience.
Todd Youngblood
Ventures & Operations Steward, RegenHub, LCA
Boulder, Colorado